Mental Disorder Listings 12.08-12.11

These disorders are characterized by enduring, inflexible, maladaptive, and pervasive patterns of behavior.

Onset typically occurs in adolescence or young adulthood.

• Patterns of distrust, suspiciousness, and odd beliefs
• Social detachment, discomfort, or avoidance
• Hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
• Excessive need to be taken care of
• Difficulty making independent decisions
• Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control
• Inappropriate, intense, impulsive anger and behavioral expression grossly out of proportion to any external provocation or psychosocial stressors

• Paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality disorders
• Intermittent explosive disorder

Personality disorders may fall under the following types, classified by certain behavior patterns:

Paranoid

Distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motives are interpreted as malevolent

Schizoid

Detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

Schizotypal

Acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behavior

Antisocial

Disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

Borderline

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity

Histrionic

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Narcissistic

Grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy

Avoidant

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Dependent

Submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of

Obsessive-compulsive

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

Intermittent explosive disorder

Repeated, sudden episodes of impulsive, aggressive, violent behavior or angry verbal outbursts in which the reaction is grossly out of proportion to the situation

• Abnormalities and unevenness in the development of cognitive skills
• Unusual responses to sensory stimuli
• Behavioral difficulties, including hyperactivity, short attention span, impulsivity, aggressiveness, or self-injurious actions

• Autism spectrum disorder with or without accompanying intellectual impairment
• Autism spectrum disorder with or without accompanying language impairment

This category does not include the mental disorders evaluated under neurocognitive disorders (12.02), intellectual disorder (12.05), and neurodevelopmental disorders (12.11)

Symptoms are typically recognized between 12 and 24 months of age

Only a minority of individuals with autism spectrum disorder live and work independently in adulthood; those who do tend to have superior language and intellectual abilities and are able to find a niche that matches their special interests and skills.

In general, individuals with lower levels of impairment may be better able to function independently. However, even these individuals may remain socially naive and vulnerable, have difficulties organizing practical demands without aid, and are prone to anxiety and depression.

Many adults report using compensation strategies and coping mechanisms to mask their difficulties in public but suffer from the stress and effort of maintaining a socially acceptable facade.

Scarcely anything is known about old age in autism spectrum disorder.

These disorders are characterized by onset during the developmental period, that is, during childhood or adolescence, although sometimes they are not diagnosed until adulthood.

• Underlying abnormalities in cognitive processing (e.g. deficits in learning and applying verbal or nonverbal information, visual perception, memory, or a combination of these)
• Deficits in attention or impulse control
• Low frustration tolerance
• Excessive or poorly planned motor activity
• Difficulty with organizing (time, space, materials, or tasks)
• Deficits in social skills
• Symptoms and signs specific to tic disorders include sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, motor movement or vocalization.

• Specific learning disorder
• Borderline intellectual functioning
• Tic disorders (such as Tourette syndrome)

This category does not include the mental disorders evaluated under neurocognitive disorders (12.02), autism spectrum disorder (12.10), or personality and impulse-control disorders (12.08).

One or both of the following:

a. Frequent distractibility, difficulty sustaining attention, and difficulty organizing tasks; or

b. Hyperactive and impulsive behavior (e.g. difficulty remaining seated, talking excessively, difficulty waiting, appearing restless, or behaving as if being “driven by a motor”)

2. Significant difficulties learning and using academic skills

3. Recurrent motor movement or vocalization